See -mā on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Proto-Brythonic",
"lang_code": "cel-bry-pro",
"word": "*-iβ̃"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Brythonic",
"lang_code": "cel-bry-pro",
"word": "*-aβ̃"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Brythonic",
"lang_code": "cel-bry-pro",
"word": "*-oβ̃"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Brythonic",
"lang_code": "cel-bry-pro",
"word": "*-ọβ̃"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"word": "-amh"
},
{
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"word": "-amh"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"word": "-em"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"word": "-amh"
},
{
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"word": "-amh"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"raw_tags": [
"after a broad consonant"
],
"word": "-am"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*-meh₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-meh₂"
],
[
"φήμη",
"φήμη#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"fāma",
"fama#Latin"
],
[
"*bʰeh₂-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰeh₂-"
],
[
"τῑμή",
"τιμή#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"*kʷey-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kʷey-"
],
[
"*kreddīmā",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/kreddīmā"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-meh₂"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-meh₂",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "φήμη"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek φήμη (phḗmē)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "fāma"
},
"expansion": "Latin fāma",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "τῑμή"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek τῑμή (tīmḗ)",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *-meh₂. Other apparent appearances of this suffix elsewhere in Indo-European include:\n* Ancient Greek φήμη (phḗmē) and Latin fāma, both of these from *bʰeh₂- (“to speak”).\n* Ancient Greek τῑμή (tīmḗ), from *kʷey- (“to pay”).\nThe first verbal noun with this suffix was likely *kreddīmā (“belief”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cel-decl-noun-a-f",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ā-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Feminine ā-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-mā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-mai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-mās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-mā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-mai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-mās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-mam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-mai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-māns",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-mās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-mous",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-mom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-māi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-mābom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-mābos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-mai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-mābim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "-mābis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "*-mā f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-m"
},
"name": "cel-decl-noun-a-f"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/-mā",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms verbal nouns to miscellaneous weak verbs with suffixed *-ī-."
],
"id": "en--mā-cel-pro-suffix-RSYH1fcY",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-mā"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Proto-Brythonic",
"lang_code": "cel-bry-pro",
"word": "*-iβ̃"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Brythonic",
"lang_code": "cel-bry-pro",
"word": "*-aβ̃"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Brythonic",
"lang_code": "cel-bry-pro",
"word": "*-oβ̃"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Brythonic",
"lang_code": "cel-bry-pro",
"word": "*-ọβ̃"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"word": "-amh"
},
{
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"word": "-amh"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"word": "-em"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"word": "-amh"
},
{
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"word": "-amh"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"raw_tags": [
"after a broad consonant"
],
"word": "-am"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*-meh₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-meh₂"
],
[
"φήμη",
"φήμη#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"fāma",
"fama#Latin"
],
[
"*bʰeh₂-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰeh₂-"
],
[
"τῑμή",
"τιμή#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"*kʷey-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kʷey-"
],
[
"*kreddīmā",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/kreddīmā"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-meh₂"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-meh₂",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "φήμη"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek φήμη (phḗmē)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "fāma"
},
"expansion": "Latin fāma",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "τῑμή"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek τῑμή (tīmḗ)",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *-meh₂. Other apparent appearances of this suffix elsewhere in Indo-European include:\n* Ancient Greek φήμη (phḗmē) and Latin fāma, both of these from *bʰeh₂- (“to speak”).\n* Ancient Greek τῑμή (tīmḗ), from *kʷey- (“to pay”).\nThe first verbal noun with this suffix was likely *kreddīmā (“belief”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cel-decl-noun-a-f",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ā-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Feminine ā-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-mā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-mai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-mās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-mā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-mai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-mās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-mam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-mai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-māns",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-mās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-mous",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-mom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-māi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-mābom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-mābos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-mai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-mābim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "-mābis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "*-mā f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-m"
},
"name": "cel-decl-noun-a-f"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/-mā",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Celtic feminine suffixes",
"Proto-Celtic lemmas",
"Proto-Celtic suffixes",
"Proto-Celtic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Celtic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Celtic ā-stem nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"Forms verbal nouns to miscellaneous weak verbs with suffixed *-ī-."
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-mā"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -mā meaning in All languages combined (4.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.